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- Acting Like Owners: Proxy Voting, Corporate Engagement and the Fiduciary Responsibilities of Pension Trustees
The paper reviews the legal and practical barriers in these areas, and provides a fiduciary framework for pension trustees to use as a guide....
Citation: Yaron, Gil. 2005. Acting Like Owners: Proxy Voting, Corporate Engagement and the Fiduciary Responsibilities of Pension Trustees (June 28). SSRN eLibrary. Available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=772184
Areas of Interest: Corporate Governance, SRI/Responsible Investment, Theory - Shareholder
- Building Reputational Capital
The book examines the basic principles of integrity and fairness with which business firms can build an enduring reputation....
Citation: Building Reputational Capital: Strategies for Integrity and Fair Play That Improve the Bottom Line (Oxford University Press, 2004).
Areas of Interest: Theory - Shareholder, Theory - Stakeholder
- Business Ethics: Case Studies and Selected Readings
This text provides real-life examples of ethical dilemmas, poor ethical choices, and wise ethical decisions from the newspapers, business journals and the author's experiences as a consultant and boar...
Citation: Jennings, Marianne Moody. 1998. Business Ethics: Case Studies and Selected Readings. 3 ed: South-Western Educational Publishing.
Areas of Interest: Corporate Governance, Corruption, Education, Environment & Business, Labour - Employee, Labour - Health & Safety, Leadership, Theory - Shareholder, Theory - Stakeholder
- Codes of Conduct of Multinational Companies and International Trade Union Action: Thoughts on the Contribution of State Law
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Citation: Vallee, Guylaine. 2003. Codes of Conduct of Multinational Companies and International Trade Union Action: Thoughts on the Contribution of State Law. Relations Industrielles/Industrial Relations, Vol. 58, No. 3. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1663810
Areas of Interest: Codes of Conduct, Corporate Governance, Corporate Social Responsibility, Globalization, Human Rights, Labour, Public Policy - Regulation, Theory - Shareholder
- Corporate Governance and Accountability: What Do We Know and What Do We Teach Future Business Leaders?
This paper was presented by Mary Gentile at the 3rd Colloquium of the European Academy of Business in Society (EABIS). The conference, entitled "The Challenges of Sustainable Growth: Integrating Socie...
Citation: Gentile, Mary C. Corporate Governance and Accountability: The Aspen Institute: Center For Business Education.
Areas of Interest: Accountability, Corporate Governance, Corporate Social Responsibility, Education, Leadership, Theory, Theory - Shareholder
- Corporate Governance and Dividend Policy: Shareholders Protection or Expropriation?
We investigate the relationship between corporate governance quality and dividend policy in Canada. Based on the agency theory predictions, we consider the effect of two conflicting hypotheses about the effect of corporate governance on dividend payouts: the outcome and substitution hypotheses....
Citation: Adjaoud, Fodil, and Walid Ben-Amar. 2010. Corporate Governance and Dividend Policy: Shareholders Protection or Expropriation? Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Vol. 37, Issue 5-6, pp. 648-667. Available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1639218.
Areas of Interest: Corporate Governance, Theory - Shareholder
- Corruption, Firm Governance, and the Cost of Capital
We develop a model of a firm owned by shareholders and administered by managers who may be either honest or dishonest. When managers have an informational advantage but shareholders retain control, dishonest managers can make false reports that distort investment and thereby reduce firm cash flows. When dishonest managers have privileged access to both information and control, firm value is further reduced and profits are diminished especially in the worst states of the world. Ineffective corporate governance combined with corruption (dishonesty) thus increases firms' exposure to systematic risk. In a cross-country empirical test of the model, we find that corruption substantially increases firm betas, particularly in countries with weak shareholder rights. Moving from the level of corruption in Canada to that in South Korea raises industry-adjusted betas by 0.35....
Citation: Garmaise, Mark J. and Liu, Jun. 2005. Corruption, Firm Governance, and the Cost of Capital. AFA 2005 Philadelphia Meetings Paper. SSRN eLibrary. Available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=644017
Areas of Interest: Corporate Governance - Transparency, Corruption, Theory - Shareholder
- Current Trends in Corporate Governance: Going from London to Milan Via Toronto
This article introduces the reader to the corporate governance debate that has been taking place in the UK. More specifically, it discusses the problems that are said to afflict the management and control of British public companies and describes the work done by various committees appointed to study corporate governance....
Citation: Cheffins, Brian R. 1999. Current Trends in Corporate Governance: Going from London to Milan Via Toronto. Duke Journal of Comparative and International Law, Vol. 10, No. 1, Fall/Winter. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=205069
Areas of Interest: Corporate Governance, Theory - Shareholder
- Employee Governance and the Ownership of the Firm
Employee governance, which includes employee ownership and employee participation in decision making, is regarded by many as morally preferable to control of corporations by shareholders. However, emp...
Citation: Boatright, John R. 2004. Employee Governance and the Ownership of the Firm. Business Ethics Quarterly 14 (1):1-21.
Areas of Interest: Corporate Governance, Labour - Employee, Theory - Shareholder
- Ethical Theory and Business
This book presents a comprehensive anthology of readings, legal perspectives, and cases in ethics in business. Contrasting business ethics approaches, Regulation of business, Performance Monitoring. G...
Citation: Tom L. Beauchamp and Norman E. Bowie. 1996. Ethical Theory and Business. 5 ed: Prentice Hall.
Areas of Interest: Codes of Conduct, Corporate Governance - Self-Regulation, Corporate Social Responsibility, Globalization, Human Rights, Labour - Employee, Theory, Theory - Shareholder, Theory - Stakeholder
- Explicit and Implicit System of Corporate Control - A Convergence Theory of Shareholder Rights
This paper adds a dynamic perspective to the static views that presently prevail in the debate upon the convergence of ownership structures....
Citation: Zetzsche, Dirk A. 2004. Explicit and Implicit System of Corporate Control - A Convergence Theory of Shareholder Rights (September 23). CBC-RPS No. 0001. SSRN eLibrary. Available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=600722
Areas of Interest: Corporate Governance, Theory - Shareholder
- Financial Theories in Practice: The Surprising Case of the Air Canada, Canadian Airlines, Onex Affair
In 1999, an intriguing series of events occurred that dramatically reshaped the Canadian airline industry. This clinical study considers these events in relation to several theoretical issues in finance to explore whether these well-accepted financial theories apply in reality. Are companies run to benefit shareholders? Is the maximization of shareholder value a key construct for publicly-traded companies? Can the market discipline the management of poorly performing companies? Do institutional shareholders aid in corporate governance by instigating corporate changes? The results of this study suggest that agency costs are real and that the goals of management are in conflict with and will often supercede those of shareholders, that, in practice, corporate governance can be severely limited even when the vast majority of board members are unrelated to the company, and that institutional shareholders may not be the disciplining force that theory suggests. Overall, the results of the study imply that managerial entrenchment is a powerful motivating force that may be impossible to counter even for a large, poorly performing corporation that is subject to a very attractive takeover offer....
Citation: Hennessey, Sean. 2001. Financial Theories in Practice: The Surprising Case of the Air Canada, Canadian Airlines, Onex Affair (August). SSRN eLibrary. Available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=282129
Areas of Interest: Corporate Governance, Theory - Shareholder
- Health & Safety and Operational Practices and Outcomes: Towards a Multiple Stakeholder Perspective
Health and Safety (HS) outcomes and operational outcomes are generally considered separately by management and ultimately shareholders. Compliance to regulation is often considered the standard for HS...
Citation: David A. Johnston; Mark Pagell. 2007. Health & Safety and Operational Practices and Outcomes: Towards a Multiple Stakeholder Perspective. In Decision Sciences Institute Annual Meeting 2007. Phoenix Arizona, USA.
Areas of Interest: Corporate Governance, Labour - Health & Safety, Theory - Shareholder, Theory - Stakeholder
- Hedge Funds as Activist Shareholders: Passing Phenomenon or Grave-Diggers of Public Corporations?
The recent wave of corporate scandals has placed corporate executives and boards of directors in the cross hairs of public opinion. However, the tactics of some new wave investors, particularly some breed of hedge funds (which would be more aptly called speculative funds), and their relentless efforts to commoditize industrial firms may bring the investor community under closer scrutiny....
Citation: Allaire, Yvan, and Mihaela E. Firsirotu. 2007. Hedge Funds as Activist Shareholders: Passing Phenomenon or Grave-Diggers of Public Corporations? SSRN eLibrary. Available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=961828
Areas of Interest: Corporate Governance, SRI/Responsible Investment, Theory - Shareholder
- Incorporation Law, Ownership Structure, and Firm Value: Evidence from Canada
In this article, we reexamine the law and finance theory in the Canadian context, characterized by a dichotomy in the legal traditions that govern incorporation law across provinces....
Citation: Boubraki, Narjess, Yves Bozec, Claude Laurin, and Stephane Rousseau. 2011. Incorporation Law, Ownership Structure, and Firm Value: Evidence from Canada. Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, Vol. 8, Issue 2, pp. 358-383. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1840237
Areas of Interest: Corporate Governance, Public Policy - Regulation, Theory - Shareholder
- Individual Responsibility in the American Corporate System: Does Sarbanes-Oxley Strike the Right Balance?
Provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act that attempt to increase the personal responsibility of executives raise a question about the extent to which such responsibility out to be imposed? This article s...
Citation: Boatright, John R. 2005. Individual Responsibility in the American Corporate System: Does Sarbanes-Oxley Strike the Right Balance? Business and Professional Ethics Journal 23:9-41.
Areas of Interest: Corporate Social Responsibility, Economic, Theory, Theory - Shareholder
- Management Ethics [Fall, 2009]
Transition of EthicsCentre; A Commentary on the Failures of the Financial Sector; Say-on-Pay: What will be its Impact?; A Doleful Tale; Speakers' Corner; A Message from The Chair...
Citation: EthicsCentre CA. 2009. Management Ethics, Fall. EthicsCentre CA
Areas of Interest: Accountability - Auditing, Corporate Governance, SRI/Responsible Investment, Theory - Shareholder
- Measuring the Impact of Engagement in Canada
This paper argues that corporate engagement has the potential to produce a positive change in company behaviour. It asks what leads to successful outcomes in engagement? We seek to quantify any observed positive change in corporate ESG standards that result from engagement. The paper extends the literature on stakeholder engagement. We use three case studies of engagements between institutional investors and companies in Canada over the past five years. We examine the outcomes of each engagement from the perspectives of the investor. We also consider the short term impacts and long term changes in corporate behaviour that resulted from engagement....
Citation: Hebb, Tessa, Heather Hachigian and Rupert Allen. 2010. Measuring the Impact of Engagement in Canada. Working paper. Ottawa: Carleton Centre for Community Innovation. Available at http://www.carleton.ca/3ci/3ci_files/Documents/Hebb%20et%20al%20Measuring%20Impact.pdf. Accessed on January 07, 2012.
Areas of Interest: Corporate Governance, SRI/Responsible Investment, Theory - Shareholder, Theory - Stakeholder
- Mining Shareholders Activism in Canada and the TSX Amendments on Dilutive Acquisitions
Mergers and plans of arrangements where shareholders of the acquiror company were not afforded a vote used to be very common in Canada, in particular if the target were a public company....
Citation: Aguiar, Anelize S. 2009. Mining Shareholders Activism in Canada and the TSX Amendments on Dilutive Acquisitions. SSRN eLibrary. Available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1783263.
Areas of Interest: Corporate Governance, Public Policy - Regulation, Resource Extraction, Theory - Shareholder
- Moving Towards Stakeholderism? Constituency Statutes, Enlightened Shareholder Value and All That: Much Ado about Little?
This paper focuses on legal developments in Anglo-American jurisdictions (and particularly the US and UK) to assess whether there is a movement in these jurisdictions to more of a stakeholder approach as far as its corporate governance is concerned....
Citation: Keay, Andrew R. 2010. Moving Towards Stakeholderism? Constituency Statutes, Enlightened Shareholder Value and All That: Much Ado about Little? (January 4). SSRN eLibrary. Available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1530990
Areas of Interest: Corporate Governance, Theory - Shareholder, Theory - Stakeholder
- Race to the Top: A Report on Ethical Business Campaigns
This report considers lessons learnt and future strategies for ethical business campaigns. Divided into two parts, the document reflects on the successes and failures of ethical campaigns and draws on...
Citation: Ethical Business Campaigns Network. 2005. Race to the Top: A Report on Ethical Business Campaigns. Business Ethics Network.
Areas of Interest: Corporate Governance, Theory - Shareholder
- Realigning the Corporate Building Blocks: Shareholder Proposals as a Vehicle for Achieving Corporate Social and Human Rights Accountability
In this piece, I explore the use of traditional, domestic corporate law tools to raise the level of human rights discourse and awareness within corporations and to influence corporate operations. I specifically focus on the shareholder proposal mechanism, which, subject to certain exceptions, empowers shareholders with the ability to compel corporate management to hold a shareholder vote on a proposed issue....
Citation: Dhir, Aaron A. 2006. Realigning the Corporate Building Blocks: Shareholder Proposals as a Vehicle for Achieving Corporate Social and Human Rights Accountability. American Business Law Journal, Vol. 43, No. 2, 2006. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=842266
Areas of Interest: Corporate Governance, Corporate Social Responsibility, Human Rights, Theory - Shareholder
- Say It & Live It: 50 Corporate Mission Statements That Hit the Mark
A collection of the 50 best corporate mission statements in America, and an explanation of how each was written, Say It and Live It includes the mission statements of Kellogg's, IBM, Ben & Jerry's, Ci...
Citation: Patricia Jones and Larry Kahaner. 1995. Say It & Live It: 50 Corporate Mission Statements That Hit the Mark: Broadway Books.
Areas of Interest: Corporate Governance, Leadership, Theory - Shareholder
- Shareholder Engagement in the Embedded Business Corporation Investment Activism, Human Rights, and TWAIL Discourse
The expansion of extractive corporations' overseas business operations has led to serious concerns regarding human rights–related impacts. As these apprehensions grow, we see a countervailing rise in calls for government intervention and in levels of socially conscious shareholder advocacy. I focus on the latter as manifested in recent use of the shareholder proposal mechanism found in corporate law. Shareholder proposals, while under-theorized, provide a valuable lens through which to consider the argument that economic behaviour is embedded within social relations. In doing so, I situate my analysis within Third World Approaches to International Law (TWAIL) scholarship. Elsewhere, I have supported the use of corporate law tools in advancing the international human rights enterprise and argued that investment activism can be an essential component of this advancement. This paper represents a reflexive pause. Using the case study of a recent proposal submitted to Goldcorp Inc., I seek to problematize the shareholder proposal as a human rights advocacy tool and to examine it as a site of contestation....
Citation: Dhir, Aaron A. 2011. "Shareholder Engagement in the Embedded Business Corporation
Investment Activism, Human Rights, and TWAIL Discourse." Business Ethics Quarterly 22(1):99-118.
Areas of Interest: Accountability, Corporate Governance, Public Policy - Regulation, Resource Extraction, Theory - Shareholder
- Shareholder Passivity: A Viable Explanation for Corporate Governance Failures at Newscorp?
This paper investigates investor perspectives on why shareholders would remain passive despite economic incentives to address serious corporate governance failings at the company level. As such, the study addresses a current theoretical debate that questions investors' role in monitoring the companies they own, in ensuring their high standards of corporate governance and maximizing shareholder value....
Citation: Huppe, Gabriel A. and Priya Bala-Miller. 2012. Shareholder Passivity: A Viable Explanation for Corporate Governance Failures at Newscorp? Ottawa: Carleton Centre for Community Innovation. Available at http://www3.carleton.ca/3ci/3ci_files/Documents/Shareholder%20Passivity.pdf. Accessed on February 10, 2012.
Areas of Interest: Corporate Governance - Transparency, SRI/Responsible Investment, Theory - Shareholder
- Socially Responsible Shareholdership in Canada: A Handbook for Institutional Investors
This document is divided into two parts: Part A discusses why decision-makers at institutional investment funds are under growing ethical and financial pressure to adopt social screens and active shareholdership policies. It also briefly examines the recent trends in the Canadian context. Part B helps institutional investors and other groups and organizations with the processes involved in developing proxy voting guidelines, corporate dialogue, shareholder proposals and divestment. As this is a handbook for Canadian investors, special care has been taken to reference examples of Canadian resources, including services and sources of information. There are nonetheless many other resources available outside of Canada, particularly in the United States and Europe. The details of organizations operating in the field of socially responsible shareholdership are contained in Appendix C....
Citation: O'Brien, Rory. 2002. Socially Responsible Shareholdership in Canada: A Handbook for Institutional Investors. Social Investment Organization (SIO) and the Taskforce on the Churches and Corporate Responsibility (TCCR).
Areas of Interest: SRI/Responsible Investment, Theory - Shareholder
- Strengthening Domestic Corporate Activity in Global Capital Markets: A Canadian Perspective on South Africa's Corporate Governance
This paper is divided into four parts. The first part sets a context for the discussion, including an overview of the corporate law regime in South Africa and more generally, the challenges faced by Sub-Saharan Africa in terms of economic development. Corporate governance cannot be discussed without at least some appreciation of the challenges posed by foreign direct investment, the level of debt of these nations and broader development concerns. Much of the wealth of Sub-Saharan Africa has been mortgaged previously, creating enormous barriers to becoming independent in their economic policy choices. Part II then sets out a framework for thinking about corporate governance in Sub-Saharan Africa, briefly analyzing both shareholder wealth maximization and stakeholder models of governance. Part III shifts into a more specific discussion of corporate governance developments in South Africa. In this respect, South Africa shares much in common with Canada in terms of its capital structure, corporate law and challenges of being a host nation for many multinational enterprises (MNEs) headquartered elsewhere. The King II Report on corporate governance is examined in terms of its influence on shaping corporate governance policy in South Africa. A more fulsome conception of corporate governance for South Africa includes empowerment, equity and the inclusion of African value systems. Finally, Part IV looks forward, examining the possible benefits and limits of socially responsible investing through the new Johannesburg Stock Exchange SRI Index. It also briefly discusses areas of further research that may provide assistance in enhancing domestic corporate activity in South Africa....
Citation: Sarra, Janis P. 2004. Strengthening Domestic Corporate Activity in Global Capital Markets: A Canadian Perspective on South Africa's Corporate Governance (May 21). GWU Law School Public Law Research Paper, No. 118. SSRN eLibrary. Available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=628702
Areas of Interest: Corporate Governance, Development, Economic, Globalization, Public Policy - Regulation, SRI/Responsible Investment, Theory - Shareholder, Theory - Stakeholder
- The BCE Decision: Reflections on the Firm as a Contractual Organization
The authors discuss the decision of the Supreme Court of Canada to approve a plan of arrangement privatizing BCE Inc. over the objections of bondholders. Summarizing the arguments for "shareholder primacy" and debenture covenants delimiting contractual rights against boards and management, they argue that an expanded conception of relational contract theory is useful in analyzing the competing claims in the BCE deal and litigation. This approach requires that broader contextual factors are necessary to consider in the functioning of the corporation, especially by after-the-fact decision-makers....
Citation: Zumbansen, Peer and S. B. Archer. 2008. The BCE Decision: Reflections on the Firm as a Contractual Organization (July 14). CLPE Research Paper No. 17/2008. SSRN eLibrary. Available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1160094
Areas of Interest: Corporate Governance, Theory, Theory - Shareholder, Theory - Stakeholder
- The Corporation as Symphony: Are Shareholders First Violin or Second Fiddle?
This article focuses on shareholders and whether the current regime affords them adequate protection and participation rights. Recent changes to corporate and securities laws have facilitated the exercise of shareholder voice. These changes are important to capital markets in that they are aimed at increasing investor confidence and hence the strength of markets. The lead in shareholder activism is being taken by institutional shareholders who are utilizing new proxy and proposal provisions to express governance preferences regarding key issues such as independence of audit committees and enhanced transparency in financial disclosures. However, there continue to be barriers that institutional and other investors face in term so holding corporate officers accountable for their governance decisions. There is also a live issue as to whether recent legislative changes will adequately protect smaller capital investors and others who are implicated in corporate activity. This article suggests that this may not be the case and analyses why....
Citation: Sarra, Janis P. 2003. The Corporation as Symphony: Are Shareholders First Violin or Second Fiddle? University of British Columbia Law Review, Vol. 36, No. 3, pp. 403-441. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1749792
Areas of Interest: Corporate Governance, Corporate Governance - Transparency, Public Policy - Regulation, Theory - Shareholder
- The Economic Value of Corporate Eco-Efficiency
This study adds new insights to the long-running corporate environmental-financial performance debate by focusing on the concept of eco-efficiency. Using a new database of eco-efficiency ratings, we analyze the relation between eco-efficiency and financia...
Citation: Nadja, Guenster; Jeroen Derwall; Rob Bauer; Kees Koedijk. 2006. The Economic Value of Corporate Eco-Efficiency: ECCE.
Areas of Interest: Corporate Social Responsibility, Environment & Business, SRI/Responsible Investment, Theory - Shareholder
- The Ethics of Empowerment
Driven by competitive pressure, organizations are empowering employees to use their judgment, creativity, and ideas in pursuit of enhanced organizational performance and both employee and shareholder...
Citation: Gandz, Jeffrey; Bird, Frederick G. 1996. The Ethics of Empowerment. Journal of Business Ethics 15 (4):383-392.
Areas of Interest: Corporate Governance, Labour - Employee, Theory - Shareholder
- The Oxford Handbook of Corporate Social Responsibility
Business schools, the media, the corporate sector, governments, and non-governmental organizations have all begun to pay more attention to issues of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in recent yea...
Citation: (eds.) A. Crane, A. McWilliams, D. Matten, J. Moon and D. Siegel. 2008. The Oxford Handbook of Corporate Social Responsibility. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Areas of Interest: Consumer Issues, Corporate Governance, Corporate Social Responsibility, Environment & Business, Globalization, Public Policy, Theory - Shareholder, Theory - Stakeholder
- The Role of the Board of Directors in Protecting the Environment for Future Generations
Accountability and enforceability are not the only concerns raised by a duty on boards to minimize the corporation's environmental impacts. The effect, if any, on Canada's competitiveness, the possibility of increased personal liability and the effect this would have on individuals' decisions to serve on boards are all concerns that would need to be considered and addressed before making the change to Canadian corporate law argued for in this essay. Exactly what such a duty would entail in practice also remains to be worked out....
Citation: Henderson, Gail E. 2012. The Role of the Board of Directors in Protecting the Environment for Future Generations. EthicsCentre CA.
Areas of Interest: Accountability, Corporate Governance, Environment & Business, Leadership, Public Policy - Regulation, Theory - Shareholder
- Virtual Shareholder Meetings and the European Shareholder Rights Directive - Challenges and Opportunities
This paper suggests four measures that I deem most urgent in order to achieve a smooth digital exercise of shareholder rights in Europe....
Citation: Zetzsche, Dirk A. 2007. Virtual Shareholder Meetings and the European Shareholder Rights Directive - Challenges and Opportunities (June 26). CBC-RPS No. 0029. SSRN eLibrary. Available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=996434
Areas of Interest: Corporate Governance - Transparency, Theory - Shareholder
- When Bank Loans are Bad News
With well-functioning financial intermediaries, debt can be a useful screening and signaling device. However, under poor governance and an inefficient and corrupt financial system, managers and controlling shareholders can use the proceeds of debt issues...
Citation: Weihua Huang ; Shan Zhao. 2008. When Bank Loans are Bad News: ECCE.
Areas of Interest: Corporate Governance, Corruption, Theory - Shareholder
- Why Stewardship is Proving Elusive for Institutional Investors
As the dominant owners of listed companies in many developed markets, institutional investors have been under increasing pressure to act as responsible shareholders. In the UK, Canada, France, the Netherlands, and other markets, stewardship codes have been developed or are under consideration to encourage pension funds, insurance companies, and their asset managers to monitor and engage investee companies actively with the view to protect and enhance shareholder value...
Citation: Wong, Simon C. Y. 2010. Why Stewardship is Proving Elusive for Institutional Investors. Butterworths Journal of International Banking and Financial Law, pp. 406-411, July/August; Northwestern Law & Econ Research Paper No. 10-28. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1635662
Areas of Interest: Corporate Governance, SRI/Responsible Investment, Theory - Shareholder
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